By Andrea García Casal, art historian and theorist.
March 1st, 2026
— Why did you choose black as your primary material and monochromatism as a conceptual strategy rather than treating black as mere color absence? What does black articulate about Moldovan identity, post-Soviet heritage, and cultural codes that other colors could not express? How do these specific cultural symbols manifest visually on your canvases while remaining universally legible?
— In this work, black exists first and foremost as a statement. Technically, the entire series is executed in shades of green and blue azurite — a direct reference to place, landscape, and environment. Black itself is chosen as a conceptual foundation, as a return to roots, to the earth, as a form of praise and a reminder of where we live.
For me, black has a particular significance: it is one of the strongest and most saturated colors, requiring a certain psychological readiness. It is a color of asceticism and restraint, of inner concentration.
Speaking of post-Soviet origin, I try to remain as apolitical an artist as possible. This imprint is undoubtedly present, but for me it is primarily a part of history that deserves respect rather than a direct statement.
Conceptually, the work is built on the principle of trinity. At first glance it appears monochrome; however, upon careful viewing and closer proximity, the viewer begins to discern color, nuances, and smooth transitions within the color field.
— Your artist statement emphasizes "liberating the individual from chains of fear" through perception and awareness. How does this philosophy translate into the technical execution of a seemingly homogeneous black surface? What layered perceptions — beyond the obvious — should viewers seek in your work?
— Both at the beginning and at the end of the question, the answer is already embedded. To free oneself from the bonds of fear means to look at the work as something non-obvious, as a form of expression, and to allow oneself time and observation — to sense what exactly it changes within you, whether it enters into dialogue with you or not.
I believe that every author of a work is merely a link in the transmission of information. Explanation is not always necessary: sometimes it is far more important to give the viewer freedom — the freedom to interpret and to remain alone with their own experience.
— You work exclusively in oil on a square canvas (100×100 cm). What draws you to oil's specific properties — transparency, viscosity, extended drying time — for monochrome exploration? Describe your precise black palette: do you combine pigments like ivory black, Mars black, or burnt umber for tonal variation? What is the difference between industrial and organic black in your practice?
— In my work, I choose oil primarily for its plasticity, its ability to create transparent layers, the softness of color, and the sense of warmth of the canvas. The long drying time also plays an important role: the process of completing a work can potentially be endless, and only the author determines the moment when it is time to stop.
My black palette includes Bone black, Carbon black, Mars black, as well as Burnt umber.
Industrial black is always associated for me with a feeling of cold — the color of black steel, metal, and concrete. Organic black, by contrast, is an appeal to nature and a sense of warmth: charcoal, soil, clay, burnt wood.
— You write that "what matters is not only the final artwork but the process of perception and awareness." Could you describe your physical process: preparatory drawing or direct application? Is it meditative, gestural, controlled, or open to accident? How does this process embody your core tension between drawing "form out of chaos" and finding order? When do you know a painting is complete?
— The process always begins with preparation — with drafts and notes defining what exactly I want to express and what theme I am working on at the moment. This stage is fundamental for me. Working on the canvas is always a controlled process.
Extracting form from chaos is a transformative experience articulated through artistic language. It is not a spontaneous gesture, but a gradual construction of structure and meaning.
The moment of completion is determined intuitively — through an inner sense of sufficiency.
— Born in Chișinău, Moldova — a nation marked by Soviet legacy and a contested identity between East and West — how does this specific context shape your focus on darkness, abstraction, and cultural codes? Does your work respond directly to Moldovan political history, or is it more independent? How do you define the interplay between personal identity, Moldovan cultural identity, and universal order?
— It is precisely in this question that one of the most controversial and subtle moments arises. My work primarily expresses personal experience — a kind of confession that coincided with a period of spiritual searching and a rethinking of meaning.
This stage included visits to monasteries and temples, encounters with mentors, teachers, and masters, as well as the study of ancient Eastern philosophy, myth-making, and mythological narratives of different peoples around the world.
As a result, a theme emerged of how personal identity is formed through cultural codes. This reflection takes place in a global context, without rigid attachment to a specific nation. The work is constructed within the field of a universal order.
— After exhibiting at Art Basel Miami Beach 2025 and appearing in Artmosphere ART Magazine, how does the dialogue between your deeply local Chișinău-rooted practice and international circulation affect your work? Does global exposure transform your art or its reception differently across Moldovan and international audiences?
— My participation in Art Basel was not physical in nature and was presented in the format of a printed publication. Nevertheless, it was precisely this that made it possible to establish an intercontinental cultural dialogue through artistic works.
International presence became an opportunity to shift and refine the focus on the theme of cultural codes, as well as to make that very "quantum leap" — in the transformation of perception and the acquisition of new meanings, both for the viewer and for the artistic practice itself.
— You deliberately chose abstraction to "reinterpret reality through sensory experience and inner states." In a visually saturated world, why is abstract art the most honest vehicle for inner truths? What does representation lose that abstraction gains? What constitutes the "obvious" that viewers must transcend in order to truly see your work?
— You are right to note that in a world oversaturated with noise, images, and objects, there arises a natural desire for silence and for the ability to remain composed amid chaos.
Why abstraction? Because an artist is not an illustrator. The task is not to translate a visible image onto the canvas, but to create poetry and a space for reflection.
In this context, I feel close to the words of Leonardo da Vinci from A Treatise on Painting: "When the work surpasses the judgment of its creator, such an artist achieves little; but when judgment surpasses the work, that work never ceases to improve."
— Darkness functions as both chromatic choice and thematic concept. How do you distinguish darkness as negation, mystery, trauma, repose, or infinite potential across your series? How does confronting darkness achieve "liberation from fear" — through acceptance, transfiguration into visual order, or another mechanism? What is your personal relationship to darkness — psychological, spiritual, political?
— The theme of darkness in my work arises from the experience of an existential crisis and the subsequent transition to a state of infinite potential. In this context, it is about a continuous movement from ignorance to knowledge, about the process of reassembling oneself.
In darkness, light reveals itself most distinctly; in this sense, the very entry into such states already constitutes a blessing.
— Your cultural codes and monochrome practice enter into dialogue with Russian Constructivism, postwar abstraction (Rothko, Martin, Malevich), and contemporary conceptualism. To which artistic genealogy does your work belong? Do you continue or refute their investigations into the sublime and transcendence from a post-Soviet Moldovan perspective?
— Based on the personal experience mentioned above, I continue to explore the categories of the sublime and the transcendent through work with color fields. In this context, I feel particularly close to the practices of Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, despite the fact that they are often perceived as opposites.
Rothko dissolves the viewer in silence and inner experience; Newman immerses the viewer in a field of presence and action. If Rothko's path to the transcendent passes through feeling, Newman's unfolds through confrontation.
— Your philosophy frames the human being as "continuous movement from birth to death, from ignorance to knowledge." How does this shape the evolution of your work? Is "PE NEGRU. PE PĂMÂNT." a complete series or a chapter within a larger project? What visual or conceptual order emerges next after extracting form from chaos? Do you feel a responsibility when representing Moldovan darkness and cultural codes internationally?
— For me, the human being is a continuous movement from birth to death, from ignorance to knowledge. This is already articulated in my next work, which I am currently developing — "On the Cyclicality of Time."
The series "Pe negru. Pe pământ" is a complete statement. As noted above, it has a universal character and is not tied to national identity: at its center stands the human being as a fundamental, primary concept, regardless of geographical affiliation.
However, when speaking of patriotism, this theme is painfully perceived throughout the entire post-Soviet space. I feel close to the position of Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, who often criticized their country yet remained ardent patriots precisely because they saw and wanted something better for it. Their criticism is a form of radical responsibility, not a form of renunciation.
— Your work demands active viewer presence — true seeing and listening, not passive consumption. What kind of spectator are you seeking? How do you know your work "works" in the encounter? What kind of interaction do you envision: invitation, mirror, provocation? How does geographic displacement alter the legibility of "cultural codes" on the international stage?
— I am looking for a thoughtful viewer. The type of interaction I propose sounds like an invitation; however, in conditions of general political instability and anxiety, the work inevitably functions both as a mirror and as a form of provocation.
It seems to me that in an era of globalization and rapid technological development, it is especially important to cultivate tolerance — both on an individual and a collective level. Judging by the response the series has received, the work has entered into dialogue with the viewer, and therefore it has worked.
— Finally, what fundamental question drives your investigation through darkness, abstraction, and cultural codes — not the answer, but the question itself? After countless black canvases, have you glimpsed any approximation?
— Any human activity is a form of understanding the world and oneself within it. After many black canvases, I cannot say that I have come closer to the answer, but perhaps I have begun to see its outlines more clearly.
By Andrea García Casal, art historian and theorist.
March 27, 2026
"Today our everyday life is saturated with images, and against this backdrop of images that supplant the real, art can only be defined as an attempt to elude such images, an attempt to return to a […] posthumous dimension, since, in the twilight of the image-spectacle, art operates against the current, offering—or attempting to offer—the reverse side of the image. In the age of illusion, art becomes 'elusion.' […] What we call art is increasingly left with only the option of breaking the visual pleasure of the spectacle, the option of disappointing the gaze."
La so(m)bra de lo real: nueva edición revisada y ampliada. Miguel Ángel Hernández Navarro, 2021.
Art historian Miguel Ángel Hernández Navarro, in his key work addressing the notion of anti-vision—a concept referring to the struggle against visual hegemony—explores various artistic strategies that confront the scopic regime, that is, the system grounded in the supremacy of sight. What they share is a play with the gaze, an attempt to interrupt it: to prevent vision from delivering a complete, self-sufficient experience, inviting us instead to question scopic validity and leading us toward the understanding of other, deeper levels.
Within this trajectory stands the painting of Anna Perzhan (Chișinău, 1987), characterized by abstraction and the use of a very dark chromatic palette. When she employs black, it is more accurate to describe it as a non-color, evoking the total absence of light. These near-black tones point to an almost complete lack of luminosity. In a world based on spectacle (a term derived from the Latin speciō, "to look"), the absence of light undermines its very capacity to exist as it is known today. In this context, what is anticipated is a generalized metanoia or, at the very least, that the viewer—as the recipient of anti-visual art—becomes aware of the situation they are experiencing.
Black, as well as any dark color—particularly the greens and blues present in Perzhan's work—brings forth a range of related ideas that appear negative at first, but, through a process of understanding and transformation, reveal a pure positivity. Thus, "black is rot, decay, and dirt. But that black dirt may be humus itself, the fertile layer covering the earth from which life emerges. […] Nigredo […] expressed a conjunction with the unlimited and exuberant potential of the psyche in which the golden embryo of the Self could be conceived" (VV. AA., The Book of Symbols: Reflections on Archetypal Images, 2015).
This perspective, advanced by authors aligned with the thought of the psychologist and psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung regarding the symbolism of black, is fundamental to understanding Perzhan's art. Just as the phase of nigredo in alchemy involved the decomposition of primary matter into a blackened mass in order to eventually attain the philosopher's stone, Jung drew parallels between these alchemical stages and the evolution of the psyche. Nigredo marks the first step in the transformation of the individual, once they become aware of their harmful and destructive aspects—or even their errors—acknowledging the darkness within in order to cultivate its overcoming and dissipation.
Thus, the penumbral painting of our artist refers to a kind of nigredo in which matter is presented in darkness so that it may later be clarified through reflection, refinement, and the search for a path that renders it truly valuable. In this way, Perzhan shows that dark, primordial matter is part of an initial process in which a path toward transformation exists, ultimately revealing itself as a source of nourishment and renewal. Just as the self is initially dark, it undergoes a transmutation once we become aware of its negative aspects, opening the possibility for cultivation and perfection—a shift in consciousness, an individual metanoia; poetically, "the exuberant potential of the psyche in which the golden embryo of the Self could be conceived." The self—its identity and traits—is accepted, and one ascends, surpassing what is destructive.
The dark and primordial mentioned above find their parallel in the ineffable and the unknown, externalized through dark pictorial compositions that offer the possibility of a complete interpretation of reality and provoke a rebirth—the emergence of a new life. At the same time, Perzhan's colors, close to absolute black, are always warm, associating them with the organic, with nature and the living, with the terrestrial and chthonic. In contrast, cold blackish tones evoke the realm of the artificial, the manufactured—metals and other industrially processed, inert materials.
Perzhan's artworks allude to self-overcoming, to recognizing both internal and external chaos as a disordered yet redirectable force, much like what occurred in the Big Bang. To achieve this, it is necessary to confront "that background of images that supplant the real," engaging in a practice that eludes "such images." Today, visual intoxication—infoxication—is something we have grown accustomed to and often consider normal. However, the substitution of the real noted by Hernández Navarro cannot be ignored: what we observe not only saturates us but often distorts, conceals, or denies reality. The scopic regime contains corrupt branches that project distortions and falsehoods.
The purism of the artist's approach—abstract painting grounded in a restrained, darkened, and matte chromatic range—questions and satirizes everything we see or are offered to the sense of sight. It promotes knowledge beyond the deception of the eye, beyond what the gaze can grasp at first glance, enabling a movement from scopic-spectacular chaos toward a true understanding of reality and our existence. This path begins with the subject's nigredo and expands into a broader, communal dimension embodied by the presence of the audience: once the individual transforms, they become capable of transforming everything else.